
LEWKÓW
A locality situated in Ostrów district (powiat), ca. 7 km north-east of Ostrów-Wielkopolski.
It was already in the early 15th century that Lewków became property of the knightly line of Doliwa, naming themselves ‘Lewkowski of the coat-of-arms Doliwa’ in a later period. The property remained theirs till 16th century when its heiress Anna Lewkowska, wife of Tomasz Lubieński, handed the estate over to their son Tomasz.
In 1782, the property went down to the Lipskis of the coat-of-arms Grabie, to remain with the family until 1939.Wojciech Lipski, Master-of-the-Hunt of Kalisz, General/Aide-de-Camp to the King and holder of the Order of St. Stanislaus, built there in 1788-1791 a splendid classical-style residence where he settled together with his wife Salomea nee Objezierska.
The palace is a brick edifice, founded on a rectangular projection. The garden elevation axis is the basis for a semicircular projection, a sumptuous portico being featured at the front side. The palace’s solid is two-storied, with tall vaulted cellars, with a representative ground-floor area (much higher than the upper floor), and covered with a tall hip roof.
The vestibule and a circular salon are situated along the axis; underneath the salon, on the cellar level, is a circular-shaped room supported by eight columns. An assembly of side rooms is arranged into two or three tracts.
A unique feature, without a counterpart elsewhere in Wielkopolska, is the decorations of façades ornamented with stuccowork and polychromes. The plaster-coated palace façades, supported on a tall bossaged plinth, house on the ground-floor level rectangular window openings, embedded in architectural framings, with panelled drips and windowsills filled with stuccowork decoration with acanthus and flower-garland motifs, also featuring woven-in masks. Stuccoworks are also featured in the spaces between windows where panoplies intertwined with ribbons and vegetal motifs are placed on the front; the rear elevation has, in turn, circular medallions with busts of antique personages. The medallions’ capstone is ornamented with vases with a grapevine motif, below which goes a decoration featuring a combined motif of arabesque and grotesque. On the borderline of the ground floor and the upper floor is set a decorative frieze with an acanthus leaves motif against which supported are the upper-level windows’ sills. An acanthus leaves motif is also to be seen in the frieze crowning the elevations: there, it is made using a painting technique, with the prevailing tones of white, grey and green. Above it, a console eaves cornice is set.
All the same, the edifice’s expression and appearance owes much to the impressive portico situated in the central section of the front façade, facing the south. It is preceded by a driveway and wide stairs, and is supported by four columns with Ionic capitals above which a polychromed frieze and a diced cornice is set, which also surround the triangular pediment in the copestone. In the pediment’s field placed is a rectangular board supported by two griffins, featuring an inscription reading: SOBIE SWOIM PRZYJACIOŁOM POTOMNOŚCI [‘FOR OURSELVES - OUR FRIENDS - THE POSTERITY’]. The decoration is complemented by two sculptures of reclining knights, placed on the attic’s ledges, above the pediment.
The finial of the rear (garden) elevation’s projection once contained three sculptures featuring allegorical female figures holding armourial cartouches; of them, only one has survived.
The palace’s interiors are also richly decorated. Above the main entrance, before which is a portico niche with polychromes featuring panoplies, a painted monogram of Wojciech Lipski can be seen. The vestibule polychromes display antique vase motifs, whilst the circular salon placed on the axis has painted details, architectural divisions of the walls and of the edges of an oblate cupola at the copestone. Polychromes of the landscape salon (covering the interior’s walls in their entirety and the ceiling perimeters, with romantic landscapes embedded in architectural frames), the other salon and the boudoir have been preserved. The polychrome was painted by Franciszek Smuglewicz who completed his work around 1800. The author of the excellent stuccowork decorations embellishing the ground-floor and upper-storey remains unknown. The upper floor boasts e.g. a surviving chandelier embellishment of the interior walls in the former proprietors’ sleeping room. Later-date polychromes, discovered in the 1970s/1980s during conservation works, are also to be found on the upper storey.
Today, the palace houses a branch of the Regional Museum of the Kalisz Land.
Address:
Muzeum Wnętrz Pałacowych [The Palace Interior Museum]
Oddział Muzeum Okręgowego Ziemi Kaliskiej w Kaliszu [Branch of the Regional Museum of the Kalisz Land, Kalisz]
ul. Kwiatkowska 60
63-462 Lewków
Tel. +48 62 733 87 92